Simple continuouswave, gainswitched and qswitched fiber lasers. It describes the principles, designs, and properties of the erbiumdoped fiber amplifier and its role as the cornerstone component in optical communication systems. Such dopants are usually used for laser amplification. The influence of various design and fiber parameters on the. In most cases, they are rareearthdoped fibers, with dopants like ytterbium, erbium or thulium. Tm doped fiber amplifier tdfa with a high power conversion efficiency of 42%. An analytical model for two, three, and fourlevel system rareearthdoped fiber amplifiers and lasers is presented. Rareearthdoped fiber lasers and amplifiers michel j.
Radiation effects expected for fiber laseramplifier rare. One of the directions of the development of technology optical fibers is creation of better constructions of optical fibers doped with rare earth elements for large and medium power fiber lasers. Due to those dopants, they can be used as laser gain media, also for realizing fiber amplifiers. Fiber lasers and amplifiers design toolbox file exchange. The primary driver of research efforts in optical fiber amplifiers in.
At present, efficient fiber lasers and optical amplifiers necessary components of highspeed optical fiber communication systemsare missing for the 01520 and 16101700 nm spectral ranges. Rareearth doped and dualclad fibers for telecommunications. Thorlabs praseodymium doped fiber amplifier pdfa offers high gain 20 db small signal gain, high output power 16 dbm, and a low noise figure amplifier or preamplifier. We offer fiber doped with erbium, ytteerbium, and neodymium to. Rare earth doped fiber is frequently used in fiber lasers, optical amplifiers, and ase sources. The vast majority of rare earth doped fibers employ a uniform gain area overlapping with the circular core completely figure 1b. The software rp fiber power comes with data for a variety of rareearthdoped fibers. Rareearth doped fibers are doped with ions of rareearth elements to achieve high absorption and low loss in the visible and ir regions. These fiber based sources have become essential parts in a wide range of applications, including telecommunications, nonlinear microscopy, optical coherent tomography, and.
It was volume 37 of this series of books on optical engineering. In this paper we report on the development of a novel bismuth doped fiber amplifier bdfa for a spectral region of 16401770 nm which can. Doped fibers erbium and erbiumytterbium fibers for edfas, amplifiers, lidar, gyros, and more. New rareearthdoped glass fiber lasers and amplifiers for. However, this comes at the cost of having to use several meters of fiber length, making them unsuitable for onchip applications. This new edition is fully revised including new material on visible fluoride fiber lasers, singlefrequency fiber lasers, broadband fiber sources, qswitch fiber lasers, and rare earth doped infraredtransmitting glass fibers. It describes the erbium doped fiber amplifier and its role as foundational in optical communication systems. Rareearthdoped fiber lasers and amplifiers cuvillier verlag. However, nonlinear effects often found to be the primary limiting factors for power scaling in fiber lasers and amplifiers 3. We offer fiber doped with erbium, ytteerbium, and neodymium to meet many photonics applications. Highly doped rare earth fibers highly doped fiber minimize required fiber lengths reduced nonlinear effects provides strong amplification, high efficiency, broad and flat gain profile matching passive fibers available provides ultimate performance for demanding laser applications liekki application designer lad simulation software for fiber lasers and amplifiers highly doped fiber. Enter your mobile number or email address below and well send you a link to download the free kindle app. Then you can start reading kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer no kindle device required.
However, their luminescence bands are unsuitable for creating efficient lasers and optical. The invention and development of rare earth doped optical fibers led to a revolution in the design of robust and compact light sources with excellent beam quality and high conversion efficiency agrawal, 2007. All of this is made possible by the unique performance attributes of rare earth doped silica fibers which is at the heart of each of. Thorlabs offers fibers doped with ytterbium yb for emission at. Rare earthdoped fiber lasers and amplifiers kluwer academic publishers, boston, 1997. Single mode fiber rare earth doped polarization maintaining fiber photonic crystal fiber multimode fiber. Our rareearth doped fibers are doped with erbium, ytteerbium, or neodymium for use in fiber laser or optical amplifier applications. Buy rareearthdoped fiber lasers and amplifiers, revised and expanded optical science and engineering on. Rp photonics encyclopedia rareearthdoped gain media.
Rare earth doped confined structures for lasers and amplifiers. Towards ultrahigh efficiency rareearth doped fiber. Digonnet and others published rareearth doped fiber lasers and amplifiers find, read and cite all the research you. It describes the principles, designs, and properties of the erbium doped fiber amplifier and its role as the cornerstone component in optical communication systems. The emission wavelength of a fiber laser can be adjusted by suitable doping with one or several rare earth ions and additionally be modified by varying the glass. In the modern vernacular this subject matter of rare earth doped fibers and amplifiers. There are many practical applications, including laser ranging, laser cutting and drilling, and nonlinear optical studies, where such a short but intense laser pulse. Rare earth is doped into the core of the optical fiber along with the modifier element al, ge, p, etc create two waveguide regions. Sm ytterbium doped fiber fdf1100 is a ytterbium doped singlemode sm fiber with a high doping level designed for low power fiber lasers and amplified spontaneous emission ase light sources. A discussion of the theories, operating characteristics, and current technology of main fiber laser and amplifier devices based on rareearthdoped silica and fluorozirconate fibers. Processing and applications of glass and rare earth doped glasses for optical fibres. Ase plots for amplifiers, showing power across emission spectrum. Standard erbium doped fiber amplifiers edfas produced with silicate and fluoride based materials are large, inefficient, cumbersome, and cost tens of thousands of dollars. This powerful numerical simulation software allows one to simulate the performance of a real erbium fiber amplifier, and obtain its properties such as signal gain and noise generated.
Rp photonics encyclopedia tutorial fiber amplifiers. Analytical model for rareearth doped fiber lasers and amplifiers, 1994. Rp photonics encyclopedia fiber lasers, fibre, rare. Conventional step index fiber sif, where core is doped with rare earth ions has been used as a gain medium in fiber lasers and output power level in the range of kws has been reported using these fibers 2. Primarily designed for fiber optic current sensors or fiber optic current transformers where high stability over temperature and vibration is critical. A 23db bismuthdoped optical fiber amplifier for a 1700. College park, mdoptical amplifiers used in fiber optic communications including, of course, the ubiquitous erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa are typically doped with rare earth elements, commonly erbium and ytterbium.
Many other combinations of elements have been tried in pursuit of amplifiers operating in different communications wavebands. Fdf1100 is designed for core pumping around 915nm or 980nm. Rare earth doped optical fibers with multisection core. Technologically the most important are ytterbium and neodymiumdoped gain media for lasers and erbiumdoped fibers for erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers. Learn about knovel workflow integrations with engineering software and information discovery platforms. Fiber lasers and fiber amplifiers are nearly always based on glass fibers which are doped with laseractive rare earth ions normally only in the fiber core. Both of them can be used to amplify infrared light at wavelengths in optical communication bands between 1500 and 1600 nm. Pyfiberamp is a rate equation simulation library for rare earth doped fiber amplifiers and fiber lasers partly based on the giles model. They are typically used for amplification in fiber lasers or optical amplifiers. Figure 1 shows the stark level manifolds of these ions and some important transitions between them.
Unlike other cladding pump or dualclad fibers, fibercores dualclad erbiumytterbium doped fiber fcp1500y was originally designed as a highpower communications amplifier fiber. Rareearthdoped fiber lasers and amplifiers request pdf. Erbium doped fibers provide the basic building blocks for fiber optic amplifiers more specifically erbium doped fiber amplifiers edfas used in broadband optical networks and catv applications. An er doped multiplecore optical fiber amplifier has an er doped multiplecore optical fiber. Digonnet, rareearthdoped fiber lasers and amplifiers, second. Several parameter sets are included, each of which represents a commercially available type of erbium doped fiber usedin different kinds of amplifiers e. Using matlab software, from the acquired near field distribution. In contrast, mm2 phosphate glass amplifiersallow for the production of small, efficient, integrated, inexpensive, high gain amplifier devices. Rareearth doped and dualclad fibers for telecommunications overview fibercore pioneered the first commercial erbiumdoped fibers for amplifiers in 1988 and, since then, have developed and improved the technology to provide the high conversion efficiencies demanded by the industry today. Demand on higher bandwidth bring about to use the other rare earth doped fiber such as thuliumdoped fiber amplifiers tdfas.
It has now been a significant number of years since the first edition of rare earth doped fiber lasers and amplifiers was published in 1993 under the editorship of michel j. These ions absorb pump light, typically at a shorter wavelength than the laser or amplifier wavelength except in upconversion lasers, which excites them into some metastable levels. Er and yb single mode sm and large mode area lma fiber is available as well as polarizationmaintaining pm yb doped fiber. Rareearth doped fiber is frequently used in fiber lasers, optical amplifiers, and ase sources. Double clad rare earth doped fiber that has a fluorine doped outer cladding is commonly used in current designs of high power amplifiers 67. Design of rare earth doped multicore fiber lasers and. When doped with rare earth elements, the fiber is given optical gain that enables light amplification. A homemade computer code has been implemented to design high power ytterbium doped fiber lasers by following different techniques. Properties, processing and applications of glass and rare. Doped fiber amplifier and fiber laser file exchange. Step index plastic optical fiber fiber optics 1074. Rareearthre doped insulating materiais exhibit varieties of luminescent behavior with. Simple continuouswave, gainswitched and qswitched fiber. Analytical model for rareearthdoped fiber amplifiers and.
Can this program be used to simulate erbiumytterbium codoped fiber. Design of rare earth doped multicore fiber lasers and amplifiers. Demonstration of ultralow na rareearth doped step index. An optical fiber typically comprises a central core surrounded by a cladding with lower refractive index. The goal is to maximize the effective mode area by maintaining a good beam quality.
It is a close relative of an edfa, erbium doped fiber amplifier, and in fact edwas basic operating principles are identical to those of the edfa. Fiber amplifier gain is expressed in terms of attenuation coefficients, intrinsic saturation powers, and crosssaturation powers at the pump and signal wavelengths. Software for fiber optics, amplifiers and fiber lasers. The simulation and design software rp fiber power of rp photonics is an excellent. Giant optical gain in rareearthiondoped fiber amplifiers. The most efficient active media for nearinfrared nir spectral regions is rare earth doped fibers. The theory is applicable to dopants such as erbium, neodymium, thulium. The core of the fiber is doped with erbium and is typically pumped with 980 or 1480 nm to produce gain around 1550 nm cband or 1590 nm lband. Fundamentals and technology optics and photonics kindle edition by becker, philippe m. Introduction an optical fiber becomes active by doping its core with one or more atomic elements, usually but not restricted to rare earths re s, more specifically, the lanthanides that occupy the atomic numbers 57 to 71 of the periodic. Rp photonics encyclopedia active fibers, rareearth. The pump light is guided within an allsilica structure, using a fluorinated secondary cladding to create the pump guide boundary, without the need for low index. Pdf design of rare earth doped multicore fiber lasers.
The properties of these materials are largely determined by the geometry of host matrices and the electronic structure of rare earth impurity centers. Optical fibers doped with rare earth elements request pdf. Inner cladding waveguide created by making lower index region outside of. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading erbium doped fiber amplifiers.
An erbium doped waveguide amplifier or edwa is a type of an optical amplifier. Rareearth doped fiber lasers find wide applications in a variety of fields. Only quite rarely, active fibers are made with transition metal ions. Specifically, an erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa for deepspace communications was optimized and the worlds first diodepumped directoscillating silicate terbium doped fiber laser tdfl was explored. A discussion of the theories, operating characteristics, and current technology of main fiber laser and amplifier devices based on rare earth doped silica and fluorozirconate fibers. The first implementation of active fiber optic amplifier was demonstrated in 1994 with erbiumdoped fiber amplifier edfa.
At large pump power levels above 100 watts, fluorine doped double clad fiber can be damaged as a result of misalignments and the performance of the fiber laser alignment. Schematic setup of a simple erbiumdoped fiber amplifier. These ions absorb pump light, typically at a shorter wavelength than the laser or amplifier wavelength except in upconversion lasers. Rareearthdoped fibers are optical glass fibers which are doped with rare earth ions. Learn about rare earth ions, gain and pump absorption, steady state, ase, forward. Rareearthre doped insulating materiais exhibit varieties of luminescent. This is version 1, so no claims to be perfect, but this work reflects extensive literature exploration and has been validated by comparison with 10 papers, principally.
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